The P-47s roared low over GI foxholes pitting the five-mile crest
of Spichern Heights. After the fighters had strafed German positions
and wheeled back to their base, U.S. artillery followed up the
airstrike with a thunderous ten-minute barrage.
On the Heights, three companies of U.S. infantrymen stuffed their
ears against the din and tensed for a jump
off. Chewing slowly on an unlit cigar, Lieutenant Ed Crowson
squinted through the curtain of dawn mist and battle smoke.
If you could shut out the war and forget it was March, 1945, you
could appreciate the view. From the American-held crest, a slope ran
down maybe half a mile to a wooded ravine slashed by a railroad
track. Just beyond lay the pretty little town Stiring Wendel. It was
a lot like the hilly country back in Crowson's home state of North
Carolina. Big difference was. the natives here weren't as friendly.
The broad Metz Highway cut through the lower hall of Stiring
Wendel and snaked eastward into Germany. Until the mist thickened,
Crowson could see the gleaming ribbon of the Saar River three miles
beyond town. The jackpot prize stood on the river's far bank:
Saarbracken, key city to Adolf Hitler's richest stretch of real
estate, and number one target for the 70th Infantry Division
spearheading the Seventh Army's drive into Germany.
"Once we're sitting on those heights," Divisional brass had said
confidently, "it will be a milk run into Saarbrucken."
Taking the Heights had been a bloody business. The 274th Regiment
had to shoot, stab and hack through masses of desperate German
defenders to gain the crest. By then Intelligence reports to
Division HQ had changed a few minds about the upcoming "milk run."
For one thing. loss of the industrial Saarland would mean the
total collapse of Hitler's back-to-the-wall struggle against the
attacking Allies. The Fuehrer had ordered the pillbox and
dragon's-teeth defenses beefed up and 125,000 Volksgrenadiers of the
Nazi First Army to dig in on the west bank of the river for a fight
to the death.
But tradition, too, dictated that the Germans strengthen this
stretch of the Siegfried Line. Though part of the territory was
French, in the rigid Prussian militaristic view all the ground from
Spichern to the Saar was sacred soil, nourished by the blood and
bones of Bismarck's warriors who had died and been buried here
during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.
On Christmas Day, 1939, the Fuhrer himself had stepped over the
frontier and walked a few hundred yards into France and back. That
clinched it. Thereafter, to most Germans, no more hallowed ground
existed in all Europe.
"Holy ground, hell." Lieutenant Crowson removed his cigar, looked
out over the valley and spat. Long-dead Krauts buried on this hill
didn't scare him, he was more worried by what had been planted here
more recently: deadly little shu-mines specially made to rip your
legs off. To add to the suicidal flavor of the descent, the slope
was almost bare of any cover, except for scattered bushes near the
base.
Flanked by Item and Love, King Company jumped off on schedule.
Clyde Rytting was already halfway down the slope on a reconnaissance
mission. Rytting was a burly lieutenant with a contempt for danger.
As coolly as if he were working a potato field back in his native
state of Idaho, he zigzagged on his belly across a wide stretch of
earth stuffed with shu-mines and signaled course alterations to the
advancing GIs. Rytting was smack in the middle of the minefield when
a machine gun stuttered from somewhere down the hill and bullets
chopped a straight line right across the slope. Rytting froze.
The pillbox housing the enemy gun wasn't far ahead of him; he
could see its squat shape in the undergrowth. The gun kept firing
long bursts. Five hundred years up the hill behind Rytting, platoon
sergeants rapped orders. GIs swinging down in line abreast spread
left and right and hit the dirt. With King Company pinned in front
of the pillbox, the flanking outfits, couldn't move either without
running the risk of creating a dangerous gap in the lines.
A t H-Hour plus 22, the attack was already stymied.
Out in front on his own, Rytting figured since he was closest to
that bunker he had better do something about it - quick.
Rytting readied a hand grenade and fishtailed forward some more,
his attention riveted on the bulky gray blur of the camouflaged
bunker. So much so that he momentarily forgot the mines.
The ground suddenly blew up under him, tearing one of his legs
off. From where it was pinned up on the hill, Company K's lead
platoon could see the lieutenant's writhing on the ground. Someone
yelled, "Medic!"
Pfc Fred Kinsley, platoon aid man, jumped to his feet and started
to run, crouching, down the hill. Gunfire still raked the slope, but
not a bullet struck Kinsley. At last he was kneeling beside Clyde
Rytting's torn and bleeding body.
The lieutenant was fully conscious. Kinsley gave him a shot of
morphine, then began to work on him. He had just finished when
somewhere up the hill another voice screamed: "Medic!" Kinsley
collected his equipment, patted the lieutenant's shoulder
reassuringly, and moved on. Gonna be a busy day, he thought. But not
for Fred Kinsley.
He had gone maybe twenty yards from Rytting when his foot
triggered a shu-mine. The blast ripped off one leg at the knee.
Howling as much from anger as pain, Kinsley struggled to rise and
repeatedly flopped over. A litter squad trotted down the hill toward
him.
"Goddam, no," Kinsley groaned. They were barging straight for the
patch of ground where the shu-mines were sown thickest. Kinsley
tried to shout a warning, but his voice choked on it. He struggled
to wave them off. The litter squad figured he was beckoning them to
hurry. They hurried.
Kinsley cursed, dug his elbows into the ground and dragged
himself painfully up the slope. He cleared the minefield seconds
before the squad would have blundered into it.
Lieutenant Colonel Karl Landstrom, CO of the 3rd Battalion, was
directing the assault from a CP on a ridge which gave him a
grandstand view of the battlefield. Only, it wasn't quite a
battlefield, wouldn't be until he got his men moving. He contacted
his three rifle company commanders.
"I'm fetching up a tank to knock out that bunker," he told them.
"In the mean-time, we can't just lie around on our bellies."
He ordered them to push on, bypassing the pillbox if they could
and skirting the minefield - if they could. It was a chancy order to
issue, but this was a chancy-as hell war. No American officer from
the Ardennes south to the Swiss border knew that better than Karl
Landstrom.
Three winter months of continuous slogging combat against a
fiercely desperate enemy had transformed his outfit from a bunch of
green and cocky kids into a tough-as-nails fighting team A vital
part of that transformation was the readiness of a field officer to
issue difficult orders when he had to. Landstrom was able to do so
only by constantly reminding himself that the main purpose was to
bring victory that much closer.
The valley reverberated with the sound of killing, maiming
gunfire. The Americans plunged into it; King Company caught the
brunt. "The long line of GIs must have been visible to every Kraut
OP from Stiring Wendel to the Saar River. Rockets, machine gun and
rifle slugs, mortars, even heavy 88s from batteries across the
river, poured down on the slope in a blazing cataract of steel.
Glaring explosions punched holes all over the hillside. Shrapnel
spun in every direction.
Lieutenant Crowson stared left and right through the hell of
smoke and geysering earth. Men who hadn't been hit were dropping
anyway, clawing the earth for some slight cover. But there was no
cover and if they all flattened out here where the slope was
steepest they would make perfect targets for the Krauts to massacre
at their leisure. They would be picked off just as surely if they
tried to turn back, but that possibility didn't worry Crowson. He
knew damn well retreat was one word which, some time during the past
three savage months of fighting, had vanished from Company K's
vocabulary.
Crowson snatched the dead cigar out of his mouth. "Keep moving!"
he roared. "On the double, now!"
He jabbed the cigar back in place and started to run, head down.
"What are you guys waiting for?" snarled one sergeant to his
faltering squad. "You gonna let a goddam lieutenant beat you into
Germany!"
They swept into the valley behind their cigar-chomping
lieutenant. They were getting brisk support now from 60 mm mortars
trained on the bunkers shielding Stiring Wendel. In addition, light
machine guns and BARS were crackling along the whole length of the
ravine. Ed Crowson's GIs raced forward until the ground began to
level toward the bottom of the hill.
Crowson rapped orders, his noncoms relayed them, and the infantry
men pitched prone, seeking what cover they could. Ed Crowson huddled
behind a boulder. Sweat poured down his face; his heart hammered.
Chewing rhythmically on the cigar, he glanced up and down his ranks,
at men he had led through one murderous action after another. He had
a notion that before the present brawl was over his outfit's
previous fights would seem like Saturday night USO parties by
comparison.
From the set expressions on their faces, his men thought so too.
The route immediately ahead lay through a forest of firs and tall
pines, then across an open field to the railroad track. Just across
the track a scattering of houses marked the outskirts of Stiring
Wendel. Those houses would be crawling with Germans; crossing the
field under fire would be a nightmare. Always assuming they reached
the field, Crowson thought. For all he knew those trees immediately
ahead were alive with Germans too.
Ten-hundred hours. The line moved forward again.
As they entered the woods, an eerie silence descended. Treading
carefully, a tommy gun cocked for trouble, Ed Crow; son felt his
scalp tingle. [tight and left of him, his men were slipping from
tree to tree, silent' as ghosts. The depths of the forest were
midnight-dark. Crowson's cigar-chomping quickened. Fie fought a
harrowing notion that any second some GI's foot would trip a whole
string of she-mines, or that a screaming horde of Germans would leap
suddenly from behind the trees and chop what was left of Company K
to pieces.
But they got through the woods unopposed. The Germans hadn't
bothered to stage an ambush. All they had to do was sit in their
bunkers and shell-battered hideouts fingering the triggers of rifles
and machine guns ... waiting for the Americans to break into open
country.
In the woods, Lieutenant Crowson saw light glimmer ahead where
the trees thinned out. He halted his men, unfolded a sketch map and
summoned his platoon leaders. "We'll cross the clearing where it's
narrowest." He tapped the map with the tip of his cigar. "We'll take
it in short rushes, ten steps at a time." He straightened. "And make
sure the bastards know we mean business." He bit on his cigar. King
Company bounded out of the wood firing from the hip and whooping
like mad-men. At ten paces they hit dirt, a split second before the
first enemy rounds came whistling at them. After a twenty-second
pause, Crowson bawled, "Off and up, move, move!"
They raced forward again, but this time some were hit almost
immediately. Halfway through the third spurt, German bullets struck
a sergeant in the head, a private trotting beside him in the chest,
the next man in the stomach, and a fourth in both legs. During the
next two rushes, Kraut fire traced similar bloody patterns. The line
wavered. Again men were dropping who hadn't been hit, and they
showed no particular desire to get up again.
Crowson swore: it only needed one more dash to get them over the
railroad track.
The chill morning air vibrated with the hum and swish of flying
lead. Ignoring it Crowson heaved himself erect and addressed his men
in a North Carolina drawl. "Now come on, goddamit." He paced up and
down the faltering line. "Let's really show those bastards, huh?"
He rammed the cigar back in his mouth and stalked forward.
Five ashen-faced men in Sergeant Barney Rice's squad hung back.
They had seen the rest of their squad blasted all over the field.
They had secured a shallow depression. The closest thing to a
foxhole in sight, and now they clung to it for dear life.
"Too goddam bad you gotta leave," He bellowed at them. "Let's go
now, on your feet. Move!"
He took a few steps after Lieutenant Crowson and a bullet smashed
his elbow. He staggered, looked back, cursed as he saw his men still
hesitating.
"I said move goddam you!" They moved.
A second bullet struck Rice in the throat, another between the
eyes. He advanced six more paces before he dropped. A GI shouted,
'Medic!" and dashed to his side. But it was too late for that, so
the GI rejoined his buddies. He had to run like hell to do it. The
survivors of Sergeant Barney Rice's decimated squad had gone
charging ahead, howling for vengeance. The fighting-mad remnants of
Company K took the railroad track like Olympic junipers. By noon
they were battling for the outskirts of Stiring Wendel, and three
U.S. tanks were laying a heavy fire on the line of bunkers. Now Ed
Crowson's immediate objective was the Metz Highway slicing through
the lower half of the town.
Tommy gun blazing, Crowson cleared one street single-handed,
selected a half demolished hotel midway along another street for his
CP. He was booting his way through the splintered door when a rifle
bullet streaked from a house opposite and ripped through his left
leg. Without losing his grip on his gun, Crowson rolled swiftly over
the plaster-strewn lobby floor into what must once have been an
elegant lounge and peered through a broken window.
Lieutenant Jim DeLorme, his exec, was sprinting low across the
street, making for the hotel. The hidden sniper drew a bead on him
too. Three bullets kicked up dust at DeLorme's heels. The sniper
never had a chance to fire the fourth. Ed Crowson caught sight of a
fleeting blur in an upstairs window opposite and triggered a tommy
gun burst, taking out the sniper.
Jim DeLorme scrambled into the room, crouched beside Crowson and
grinned his thanks. Then he saw the widening pool of blood around
Crowson's legs. "Jesus!" he gasped, and yelled for a medic.
While his wound was being attended to, Crowson talked things over
with his exec, trying to assess the present strength of the Company.
In addition to casualties from street fighting, he was still losing
men back up the hill where medics and litter-bearers, working up and
down the slopes, were repeatedly stumbling into minefields.
By mid afternoon Lieutenant Crowson knew that at least one-third
of Company K had been annihilated.
But the defenders of Stiring Wendel were paying a heavy price
too. German dead littered the base of Spichern Heights, were piled
on street corners in the town and sprawled on the floors of shrapnel
scarred buildings. Three more U.S. tanks had rumbled downhill to
pump shells into stubbornly held bunkers, and the two companies
which had come down with King were fighting like tigers for toeholds
on the town in their sectors.
By 1600 hours, all three companies were fighting in Stiring
Wendel. Measured in distance, GI gains hadn't been spectacular, but
in terms of German dead and enemy positions overrun or destroyed,
the day had been a success. By sundown, a squad of Company K men
backed into a century-old manor overlooking the Metz Highway.
Hugging the walls, Ed Crowson limped along the streets under the
sniping guns of German soldiers and pro-German French civilians. He
ducked into the manor, squinted through its shattered windows at the
highway. Gunsmoke rolled over it. On the other side, he could see a
small cobblestone square with a dried up fountain in the middle.
Beyond the square, the town hall spire marked the center of Stiring
Wendel.
Lieutenant Crowson finally lighted his cigar. He took a long drag
and turned to his GIs "An hour before daybreak, we jump across the
highway to strength. . ."
A tank was to escort them over, but a mortar shell exploded
between its treads and left it burning in the middle of the highway.
The first wave of infantrymen pushed on without armored protection
and were cut down by deadly automatic weapons fire.
A second wave followed and most of them made it to the ditch on
the other side.
From farther up the road, a sudden strange murmuring swelled to a
chorus of barely human voices. Soon the Americans could see a
procession of half-naked, grotesquely thin men advancing towards
them. Nerves stretched taut, a few GIs leveled rifles.
"Hold it," barked a sergeant. "Those ain't Krauts."
The straggling mob surged nearer, their croaking voices and
shreds of uniforms marking them for mostly Russian, with some Czechs
and Poles. They had broken out of a big POW camp east of town. There
must have been a thousand of them; many were crippled. It was like a
parade of living dead, but liberty and the sight of fighting
Americans lit their terribly gaunt faces with a glow of hope. They
began to run, arms outstretched, toward the awed Yanks.
Then the Germans in Stiring Wends started firing. The Americans'
amazement turned to horror. The firing was indiscriminate. Dozens of
the escaped prisoners collapsed in a ghastly pile of spidery arms
and legs. Scores more hobbled in terror off the highway. Many who
managed to crawl uphill toward Spichern were blown to bits in the
minefields.
When the firing died, the Metz Highway was covered for half a
mile east and west with the shattered bodies of Americans, Russians,
Czechs and Poles. Even the most combat-hardened GIs watching felt
sick with horror. The feeling passed, leaving a cold-blooded
determination to get at the Germans in town--now.
The little square with the waterless fountain opened on to the
Metz highway. Houses framed three sides of it. Streets ran off
leading into the town. Directing operations from the manor on the
Spichern side of the highway, where Gls were massing waiting to
cross, Lieutenant Crowson ordered a mortar barrage on the houses
around the square. But when a squad of Americans tried to follow up
the shelling, leaving the ditch and darting into the square, small
arms fire from battered buildings chopped them down.
An M4 tank lumbered tip and leveled its long gun. Shell after
shell pulverized the buildings and the GIs swarmed into the square
after the tank.
House by house, street by street, the Americans pushed deeper
into Stiring Wendel. At 1300 hours, the whole town was in their
control, and a U.S. artillery barrage of 155s, and 4-inchers was
crashing on the bunkers east and west of it. Few prisoners were
taken: the streets choked with dead and dying Germans.
Three miles down the railroad track, though, a hundred fanatical
storm troopers defiantly held out in a gun-bristling coal plant
known as the Simon Mine. Each time heavy guns shelled them from
Spichern Heights, the Germans scuttled down into deep subterranean
passages, returning to the surface in time to shoot down any
Americans moving in on the plant to flush them out. King and Love
Companies were switched from town and handed the job of clearing out
the Simon Mine.
Lieutenant Crowson immediately called for a couple of tanks to
shatter the surrounding iron fence, so his men could move in. But
each time the tanks rolled up, anti-tank guns blasted them back.
In a series of forward spurts, the two companies got to within
fifty feet of the fence before machine gun fire pinned them down.
Two hours passed and the Americans were still outside the Simon
Mine. Then a sergeant named Cathy volunteered to crash the mine by
riding in on a tank. The tank pushed the fence down and rolled over
it, pumping 75 mm cannon shells at the plant walls. Sergeant Cathy
hung on grimly to its turret until German bazooka shells whooshed
out of the mine buildings and a hail of shrapnel swept him off his
perch and dumped him on his back in the middle of the yard. The tank
managed a clumsy turn under fire and trundled out of there.
German riflemen took potshots at the helpless Cathy. Three GIs
scrambled over the fence to haul him out of range, but a murderous
fire beat them back. Three tries by a litter squad failed too.
Toward evening, Sergeant Kohn went in after the sergeant. Taking
advantage of the growing darkness, he inched close to Cathy and
muttered, "You hear me?"
Cathy was still conscious. He nodded weakly.
Enemy rifle fire broke out then and a machine gun joined in, but
the fire was concentrated on a spot forty feet from the sergeants
where GIs just outside the fence were deliberately kicking up a
commotion to draw the Germans' attention. KOHN whispered, "Lock your
arms around my neck. 'Tight."
Cathy struggled to speak. "Can't move 'em. Broken."
"Okay," Kohn grabbed the wounded man by the neck of his jacket,
"let's try it this way."
He dragged Cathy for thirty rubble strewn feet. Getting him over
the twisted mass of iron fence in the dark was sheer torture, jagged
metal caught in Cathy's open wounds. Hauling on him as carefully as
he could, Kohn could feel the other man straining to suppress the
screams which threatened to burst from his throat.
"Easy, now," breathed Kohn. "Not far to go."
It was another ten yards in fact. To both men it seemed like ten
miles. But they made it, and on the other side of the fence company
medics were waiting. Word had flashed back to Division HQ,
meanwhile, that the Simon Mine would require a special effort to
knock out. Next morning, the pale dawn light showed the mine ringed
by a heavy concentration of steel and high explosive-from tommy guns
and bazookas to mortars and tanks.
Every gun opened up at once. Glaring explosions smothered the
mine. When the shooting stopped, every rifle company of Karl
Landstroms' 3rd Battalion charged forward through a curtain of
smoke, bayonets fixed. But the enemy holdouts had used up the last
of their foodstocks. Hunger and the terrific barrage had broken
their resistance. They staggered out of the mine waving white flags,
holding their hands high.
Through the hole smashed in the German first Army defenses at
Stiring Wendel, the 274th Regiment crossed quickly into German
territory. Landstrom's battalion was still the spearhead. Soon his
combat-hardened GIs were entrenched along the west bank of the Saar
River, scowling across at an unbroken series of bunkers and
fortified houses in front of Saarbrucken.
Using a 150-foot watertower for an OP, Colonel Landstrom directed
a fierce artillery strike on the bunkers. But when he sent his first
patrols out in rubber boats under cover of darkness, German tracer
shells, followed by 50s, and 88s, blasted them out of the water.
Armored spearheads of General George Patton's Third U.S. Army
were slicing from the north into the German's right flank, and the
Seventh was increasing its pressure from the south. A hundred
thousand Germans would have to retreat from the Saarbrucken sector,
if they didn't want to fight their way out of a sack.
At 0210 on March 18, 70th Division orders to Colonel Sam Conley,
commanding the 274th, were relayed on down to Colonel Landstrom:
Utmost importance your crossing begin now.
"Hell, the Krauts are still over there in strength," argued
Landstrom. It was one thing to order men on a suicide mission when
the stakes justified the gamble. But if the Germans were known to be
planning an imminent withdrawal anyway, what was the point of a
gamble at all?
"We've got our orders," snapped Corehey. "We're not to wait."
"It'll be just plain murder," growled Landstrom.
Conley's rejoinder was brief. "Get over there."
When Landstrom's patrols tried again, shells promptly zeroed in
on them. Landstrom reported to Conley. The Regiment CO snorted
impatiently. "According to Intelligence," he snapped, "the Krauts
have already packed up and left."
"Then who the hell is shelling us?" yelled Landstrom.
Actually, shells were dropping into the 3rd Battalion sector from
both sides of the river. Landstrom not only refused to believe the
Germans had already abandoned their side of the river, but he
demanded divisional assurance that his men wouldn't be battered by
their own guns during the crossing. Conley offered his personal
guarantee on this point, but Landstrom wasn't satisfied.
Conley exploded. "All right, dammit, I'll get someone else to do
the job. I'm relieving you of command."
Unhappy about the whole deal, Landstrom's exec took over from him
and sent out three packed boatloads of men. From the opposite shore
a devastating fire erupted immediately. The lurid glare of
shellbursts showed all the American boats capsized and dozens of
equipment-burdened men floundering helplessly in midstream.
Before that grim night was over, Landstrom heard from Regiment CP
again. Conley rumbled gruffly, "Consider yourself reinstated."
More howitzers and 3-inch TDs were brought up. Soon American guns
were massed almost hub to hub along the riverbank. They roared
simultaneously, barrels leaping back in recoil. Assorted caliber
shells. hurtled across the water. A wall of smoke disgorging hunks
of flying concrete blotted out the German strong points. When the
smoke thinned a white flag was visible, fluttering from the church
steeple that the Germans were using for an OP.
Conley contacted Battalion. "How about it, Karl?" He added, "And
in case the sonsabitches try to pull something when you're halfway
over, I've got two thousand more rounds of artillery to back you
up."
At 0400 on March 20, 36 rubber boats loaded with men and guns
shoved off across the Saar. They met no resistance. By 0510,
Landstrom was able to report that his outfit was about to march on
Saarbrucken. Leaving behind their dead and wounded, the last Germans
had fled their defenses just two hours before the American crossing.
Saarbrucken had been abandoned, too, left to swarms of rats and a
few frightened civilians. The weary Americans slogged through a
ghost town, but none of them gave a damn. Now they could relax,
briefly, and with pride, especially the unit which had suffered the
most casualties: Lieutenant Ed Crowson's Company K. On one day alone
during the battle for Stiring Wendel, it had earned seven Silver
Stars and fourteen Bronze Stars, a record for the Regiment.
But many who marched in quiet triumph through the deserted
streets of Saarbrucken were replacements for those who had died
fighting to win it. A Company noncom had greeted the newcomers in
Stiring Wendel with a short lecture: "Half this outfit was wiped out
taking this town," he told them. "That's why you're here, to fill
the boots of the men we lost." He paused, then went on softly, "And
let me tell you, that's gonna be a goddam big job."
As long as they lived, they would never know a bigger one.